原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html
简介： MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息队列遥测传输）是IBM开发的一个即时通讯协议，有可能成为物联网的重要组成部分。 MQTT服务器有好多种，mosquitto 是其中之一。由于mosquitto相对来说，教程比较多，对于初学者更容易入手。因此，我选择了mosquitto。 Mosquitto是一个实现了MQTT3.1协议的代理服务器，由MQTT协议创始人之一的Andy Stanford-Clark开发，它为我们提供了非常棒的轻量级数据交换的解决方案。本文的主旨在于记录Mosquitto服务的安装和使用，以备日后查阅。
安装依赖包
yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel yum install openssl-devel -y yum install c-ares-devel -y yum install uuid-devel -y yum install libuuid-devel -y下载源代码：https://mosquitto.org/files/source/
解压，编译，安装
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ tar -zxvf ./mosquitto-1.4.15.tar.gz [nick@XQLY mqtt]$ sudo make && make install创建配置文件
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ cd /etc/mosquitto/ [nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ ls aclfile.example mosquitto.conf.example pskfile.example pwfile.example [nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ cp ./mosquitto.conf.example ./mosquitto.conf修改配置文件mosquitto.conf 部分内容
# When run as root, drop privileges to this user and its primary # group. # Leave blank to stay as root, but this is not recommended. # If run as a non-root user, this setting has no effect. # Note that on Windows this has no effect and so mosquitto should # be started by the user you wish it to run as. user mosquitto # Boolean value that determines whether clients that connect # without providing a username are allowed to connect. If set to # false then a password file should be created (see the # password_file option) to control authenticated client access. # Defaults to true. allow_anonymous false # See the TLS client require_certificate and use_identity_as_username options # for alternative authentication options. password_file /etc/mosquitto/password_file配置文件说明 # ================================================================= # General configuration # =================================================================
# 客户端心跳的间隔时间 #retry_interval 20 # 系统状态的刷新时间 #sys_interval 10 # 系统资源的回收时间，0表示尽快处理 #store_clean_interval 10 # 服务进程的PID #pid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pid # 服务进程的系统用户 #user mosquitto # 客户端心跳消息的最大并发数 #max_inflight_messages 10 # 客户端心跳消息缓存队列 #max_queued_messages 100 # 用于设置客户端长连接的过期时间，默认永不过期 #persistent_client_expiration # ================================================================= # Default listener # ================================================================= # 服务绑定的IP地址 #bind_address # 服务绑定的端口号 #port 1883 # 允许的最大连接数，-1表示没有限制 #max_connections -1 # cafile：CA证书文件 # capath：CA证书目录 # certfile：PEM证书文件 # keyfile：PEM密钥文件 #cafile #capath #certfile #keyfile # 必须提供证书以保证数据安全性 #require_certificate false # 若require_certificate值为true，use_identity_as_username也必须为true #use_identity_as_username false # 启用PSK（Pre-shared-key）支持 #psk_hint # SSL/TSL加密算法，可以使用“openssl ciphers”命令获取 # as the output of that command. #ciphers # ================================================================= # Persistence # ================================================================= # 消息自动保存的间隔时间 #autosave_interval 1800 # 消息自动保存功能的开关 #autosave_on_changes false # 持久化功能的开关 persistence true # 持久化DB文件 #persistence_file mosquitto.db # 持久化DB文件目录 #persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/ # ================================================================= # Logging # ================================================================= # 4种日志模式：stdout、stderr、syslog、topic # none 则表示不记日志，此配置可以提升些许性能 log_dest none # 选择日志的级别（可设置多项） #log_type error #log_type warning #log_type notice #log_type information # 是否记录客户端连接信息 #connection_messages true # 是否记录日志时间 #log_timestamp true # ================================================================= # Security # ================================================================= # 客户端ID的前缀限制，可用于保证安全性 #clientid_prefixes # 允许匿名用户 #allow_anonymous true # 用户/密码文件，默认格式：username:password #password_file # PSK格式密码文件，默认格式：identity:key #psk_file # pattern write sensor/%u/data # ACL权限配置，常用语法如下： # 用户限制：user <username> # 话题限制：topic [read|write] <topic> # 正则限制：pattern write sensor/%u/data #acl_file # ================================================================= # Bridges # ================================================================= # 允许服务之间使用“桥接”模式（可用于分布式部署） #connection <name> #address <host>[:<port>] #topic <topic> [[[out | in | both] qos-level] local-prefix remote-prefix] # 设置桥接的客户端ID #clientid # 桥接断开时，是否清除远程服务器中的消息 #cleansession false # 是否发布桥接的状态信息 #notifications true # 设置桥接模式下，消息将会发布到的话题地址 # $SYS/broker/connection/<clientid>/state #notification_topic # 设置桥接的keepalive数值 #keepalive_interval 60 # 桥接模式，目前有三种：automatic、lazy、once #start_type automatic # 桥接模式automatic的超时时间 #restart_timeout 30 # 桥接模式lazy的超时时间 #idle_timeout 60 # 桥接客户端的用户名 #username # 桥接客户端的密码 #password # bridge_cafile：桥接客户端的CA证书文件 # bridge_capath：桥接客户端的CA证书目录 # bridge_certfile：桥接客户端的PEM证书文件 # bridge_keyfile：桥接客户端的PEM密钥文件 #bridge_cafile #bridge_capath #bridge_certfile #bridge_keyfile创建用户/密码
在mosquitto.conf中指明了，用户密码文件路径，在路径下创建密码文件； 格式： username:password使用配置文件启动服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ps -A | grep mosquitto查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ss -tanl补充问题：
1、在启动过程中报错：
Error: Invalid user 'mosquitto'.
解决方法：
2、重启Mosquitto
使用Liunx终止进程命令，强行退出。 先kill掉，再重启：
3、编译过程中问题：
1. ssh.h找不到。我之前安装了openssl，为什么还会报这个错误呢，因为我安装好了以后并没有配置环境变量 下面的命令是安装开发环境，执行此命令，上面的openssl就可以不安装了 yum install openssl-devel 2.ares.h找不到 yum install c-ares-devel 3.#include <uuid/uuid.h> 找不到文件解决方法： yum install e2fsprogs-devel yum install uuid-devel yum install libuuid-devel4、 调测问题：
1、报错./mosquitto_sub: error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 解决：执行以下命令： 建立软链接 sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 刷新链接 ldconfig开启服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting 1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf. 1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883. 1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.建立一个客户端，订阅主题(用户名nick 密码zhangshan)
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass建立一个客户端，向mass主题发送一个消息
[nick@XQLY ~]$ mosquitto_pub -t mass -u nick -P zhangshan -m "this is a messeage"服务器显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting 1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf. 1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883. 1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883. 1530344892: New connection from ::1 on port 1883. 1530344892: New client connected from ::1 as mosqsub|9252-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick'). 1530344900: New connection from ::1 on port 1883. 1530344900: New client connected from ::1 as mosqpub|9254-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick'). 1530344900: Client mosqpub|9254-XQLY disconnected.订阅者显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass this is a messeage本文参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/76680646https://www.cnblogs.com/chen1-kerr/p/7258487.html
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html
