28.TRIGGERS,29.USER

mac2022-06-30  64

28. TRIGGERS

TRIGGERS表提供有关触发器的信息。要查看有关表的触发器的信息,您必须具有该表的TRIGGER权限。

TRIGGERS表有以下列:

TRIGGER_CATALOG :触发器所属目录的名称。该值始终为def。TRIGGER_SCHEMA :触发器所属schema(database)的名称TRIGGER_NAME :触发器名称EVENT_MANIPULATION :触发事件。这是触发器激活的关联表上的操作类型。值为INSERT(已插入行),DELETE(已删除行)或UPDATE(已修改行)。EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG,EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA,EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE:如“使用触发器”中所述,每个触发器只与一个表相关联。 这些列分别表示此表所在的目录和schema(数据库)以及表名。 EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG值始终为def。ACTION_ORDER :触发器操作在具有相同EVENT_MANIPULATION和ACTION_TIMING值的同一表上的触发器列表中的序号位置。ACTION_CONDITION :此值始终为NULL。ACTION_STATEMENT :触发体; 也就是说,触发器激活时执行的语句。 本文使用UTF-8编码。ACTION_ORIENTATION :该值始终为ROW。ACTION_TIMING :触发器在触发事件之前还是之后激活。值为BEFORE或AFTER。ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE:此值始终为NULL。ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE:此值始终为NULL。ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW,ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW: 分别是旧的和新的列标识符。 ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW值始终为OLD,ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW值始终为NEW。CREATED :创建触发器的日期和时间。 这是在MySQL 5.7.2或更高版本中创建的触发器的TIMESTAMP(2)值(以百分之几秒为单位),对于在5.7.2之前创建的触发器为NULL。SQL_MODE :创建触发器时生效的SQL模式,以及触发器执行的模式DEFINER :以'user_name'@'host_name'格式创建触发器的用户的帐户。CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT :创建触发器时character_set_client系统变量的会话值。COLLATION_CONNECTION :创建触发器时collat​​ion_connection系统变量的会话值。DATABASE_COLLATION :与触发器关联的数据库的排序规则。

示例

root@localhost [test] 11:27:18>CREATE TABLE account (acct_num INT, amount DECIMAL(10,2)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) root@localhost [test] 11:27:27> CREATE TRIGGER ins_sum BEFORE INSERT ON account FOR EACH ROW SET @sum = @sum + NEW.amount; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) root@localhost [test] 11:28:12>SET @sum = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) root@localhost [test] 11:28:22>INSERT INTO account VALUES(137,14.98),(141,1937.50),(97,-100.00); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 root@localhost [test] 11:28:28>SELECT @sum AS 'Total amount inserted'; +-----------------------+ | Total amount inserted | +-----------------------+ | 1852.48 | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost [test] 11:28:34> SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGERS WHERE TRIGGER_SCHEMA='test' AND TRIGGER_NAME='ins_sum'\G *************************** 1. row *************************** TRIGGER_CATALOG: def TRIGGER_SCHEMA: test TRIGGER_NAME: ins_sum EVENT_MANIPULATION: INSERT EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG: def EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA: test EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE: account ACTION_ORDER: 1 ACTION_CONDITION: NULL ACTION_STATEMENT: SET @sum = @sum + NEW.amount ACTION_ORIENTATION: ROW ACTION_TIMING: BEFORE ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE: NULL ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE: NULL ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW: OLD ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW: NEW CREATED: 2018-08-16 11:28:12.06 SQL_MODE: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION DEFINER: root@localhost CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8 COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci DATABASE_COLLATION: utf8mb4_general_ci 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost [test] 11:32:43>show triggers\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Trigger: ins_sum Event: INSERT Table: account Statement: SET @sum = @sum + NEW.amount Timing: BEFORE Created: 2018-08-16 11:28:12.06 sql_mode: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION Definer: root@localhost character_set_client: utf8 collation_connection: utf8_general_ci Database Collation: utf8mb4_general_ci 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

29. USER_PRIVILEGES

USER_PRIVILEGES表提供有关全局特权的信息。它从mysql.user系统表中获取其值。

USER_PRIVILEGES表有以下列:

GRANTEE :授予权限的帐户的名称,格式为'user_name'@'host_name'。TABLE_CATALOG :目录的名称。该值始终为def。PRIVILEGE_TYPE:授予的特权。该值可以是可在全局级别授予的任何特权IS_GRANTABLE :如果用户具有GRANT OPTION权限,则为YES,否则为NO。输出不会将GRANT OPTION列为具有PRIVILEGE_TYPE =’GRANT OPTION’的单独行。

Notes

USER_PRIVILEGES表是非标准的INFORMATION_SCHEMA表。

以下语句不等价:

mysql> select * from user_privileges; +-----------------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+ | GRANTEE | TABLE_CATALOG | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE | +-----------------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+ | 'root'@'localhost' | def | SELECT | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | INSERT | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | UPDATE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | DELETE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | DROP | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | RELOAD | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | PROCESS | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | FILE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | REFERENCES | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | INDEX | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | SUPER | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | EXECUTE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE USER | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | EVENT | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | TRIGGER | YES | | 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES | | 'mysql.session'@'localhost' | def | SUPER | NO | | 'mysql.sys'@'localhost' | def | USAGE | NO | | 'wbb'@'localhost' | def | USAGE | NO | | 'wbb2'@'192.168.56.%' | def | USAGE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | SELECT | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | INSERT | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | UPDATE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | DELETE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | DROP | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | RELOAD | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | SHUTDOWN | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | PROCESS | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | FILE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | REFERENCES | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | INDEX | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | ALTER | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | SHOW DATABASES | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | SUPER | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | LOCK TABLES | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | EXECUTE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE VIEW | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | SHOW VIEW | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE USER | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | EVENT | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | TRIGGER | NO | | 'bw'@'192.168.56.%' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | NO | | 'wanbin'@'192.168.%' | def | USAGE | NO | +-----------------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+ mysql> show grants; +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

30. VIEWS

VIEWS表提供有关数据库中视图的信息

VIEWS表有以下列:

TABLE_CATALOG :视图所属目录的名称。该值始终为def。TABLE_SCHEMA :视图所属的schema(数据库)的名称TABLE_NAME :视图名称

VIEW_DEFINITION :提供视图定义的SELECT语句。 此列包含您在SHOW CREATE VIEW生成的Create Table列中看到的大部分内容。 在SELECT之前略过单词并跳过单词WITH CHECK OPTION。 假设原始语句是:

CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT s2,s1 FROM t WHERE s1 > 5 ORDER BY s1 WITH CHECK OPTION;

然后视图定义如下所示:

SELECT s2,s1 FROM t WHERE s1 > 5 ORDER BY s1

CHECK_OPTION :CHECK_OPTION属性的值。该值是NONE,CASCADE或LOCAL之一。

IS_UPDATABLE :MySQL在CREATE VIEW时设置一个标志,称为视图可更新性标志。如果UPDATE和DELETE(以及类似操作)对于视图是合法的,则该标志设置为YES(true)。否则,该标志设置为NO(false)。 VIEWS表中的IS_UPDATABLE列显示此标志的状态。 如果视图不可更新,则UPDATE,DELETE和INSERT等语句是非法的并被拒绝。 (即使视图是可更新的,也可能无法插入;有关详细信息,请参见“可更新和可插入视图”。) 如果视图依赖于一个或多个其他视图,并且更新其中一个基础视图,则IS_UPDATABLE标志可能不可靠。无论IS_UPDATABLE值如何,服务器都会跟踪视图的可更新性,并正确拒绝对不可更新的视图的数据更改操作。如果视图的IS_UPDATABLE值由于对基础视图的更改而变得不准确,则可以通过删除并重新创建视图来更新该值。DEFINER :以’user_name’@’host_name’格式创建视图的用户的帐户SECURITY_TYPE :视图SQL SECURITY特性。该值是DEFINER或INVOKER之一。CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT:创建视图时character_set_client系统变量的会话值。COLLATION_CONNECTION:创建视图时collat​​ion_connection系统变量的会话值。

Notes

MySQL允许不同的sql_mode设置告诉服务器要支持的SQL语法的类型。 例如,您可以使用ANSI SQL模式来确保MySQL在查询中正确解释标准SQL并置运算符(双栏(||))。 如果您随后创建了一个连接项的视图,您可能会担心将sql_mode设置更改为与ANSI不同的值可能会导致视图无效。 但这种情况并非如此。 无论你如何编写视图定义,MySQL总是以规范的形式存储它。 下面是一个示例,显示服务器如何将双条串联运算符更改为CONCAT()函数:

mysql> SET sql_mode = 'ANSI'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE VIEW test.v AS SELECT 'a' || 'b' as col1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from information_schema.views where table_schema='test'\G *************************** 1. row *************************** TABLE_CATALOG: def TABLE_SCHEMA: test TABLE_NAME: v VIEW_DEFINITION: select concat('a','b') AS `col1` CHECK_OPTION: NONE IS_UPDATABLE: NO DEFINER: root@localhost SECURITY_TYPE: DEFINER CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8 COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanbin/p/9514624.html

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