1、create database plan
1、库类型：
OLTP : 在线事务处理系统
OLAP : 在线应用处理系统
DSS : 数据决策系统
2、数据库名字及字符集
3、存储空间
4、数据库的物理和逻辑的结构以及存储结构
为什么用户oracle 执行 ‘ sqlplus / as sysdba ‘ 就可登录数据库
Oracle 的用户组主组是oinstall 所以 可使用 /as sysdba 登录数据库 如果把用户组改掉 则登录失效 报错: 权限不足
‘ sqlplus aaaa/bbbbb as sysdba ‘ 前后的用户名 密码 无关紧要
2、建库的准备
建立口令文件，用于sys用户远程登录的认证（remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive），位置 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwSID. 创建命令： orapwd
[oracle@work dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle entries=5 force=y
Entries 最多可以把 sys 的权限授权给几个用户
remote_login_passwordfile
1) none 拒绝sys用户从远程连接`
2) exclusive 允许sys用户从远程连接
3) share 多个库可以共享口令文件
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET remote_login_passwordfile=NONE SCOPE=SPFILE 【拒绝远程登录】
remote_login_passwordfile
1) none 拒绝sys用户从远程连接`
2) exclusive 允许sys用户从远程连接
3) share 多个库可以共享口令文件
创建init parameter 文件
[oracle@oracle dbs]$more initdw.ora |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' >initcuug.ora
建立目录
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir bdump cdump udump adump
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug 【存放数据文件 控制文件的位置】
修改初始化参数文件
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initcuug.ora
db_name = cuug
sga_target = 300M
db_block_size = 8192
pga_aggregate_target = 30M
db_cache_size = 80M
shared_pool_size = 60M
parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4
optimizer_mode = choose
star_transformation_enabled = true
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16
query_rewrite_enabled = true
query_rewrite_integrity = trusted
background_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump
user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump
core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump
control_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/control01.ctl
undo_management = auto
undo_tablespace = undotbs
3）建立建库脚本
1、库名
2、表空间及数据文件的位置和大小
3、redo 日志文件的位置和大小
4、字符集
建库脚本：vi ct_db.sql
CREATE DATABASE cuug
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 10
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE 默认system 表空间至少300m
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL（启动本地管理空闲区）
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp 注意格式
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs 【这个名字要和初始化文件的一致】
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug /undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
【根据自己的实际需求更改】
告警日志信息：
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
default storage (initial 10K next 10K) online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2
Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log
Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011
create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011
Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485
Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011
Completed: create database test
user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
logfile
group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m,
group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m,
group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m
character set zhs16gbk
（2）export ORACLE_SID=cuug
（3）启动数据库到nomount状态，startup nomount
（4）启动告警日志 tail -f /$ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump/alert_cuug.log
（5）运行建库脚本：@/export/home/oracle/ct_db.sql
4）建立数据字典
创建数据字典脚本：vi ct_dict.sql
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql 创建数据字典 系统提供的相关表 和视图
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql 创建系统提供的存数过程和 包
conn system/oracle
@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
@$ORACLE_HOME /rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql 创建用户 scott 使用系统提供的 模板
执行数据字典脚本：@/export/home/oracle/ct_dict.sql
5）创建users 表空间，作为普通用户的默认表空间
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;【如果执行不成功，说明上一步有问题】
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
RTBS
SYSAUX
TEMP
SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPA
---------- -------------------------------------------------- --------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf SYSTEM
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user01.dbf' size 100m;【创建表空间】
SQL> select * from database_properties; 【查看数据库的属性】
SQL> alter database default tablespace users;【修改oracle数据库的默认表空间】
SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;【查看数据文件】
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf SYSTEM
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/rtbs01.dbf RTBS
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/user01.dbf USERS
SQL> select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;【查看临时表空间，临时表不和数据文件放在一起】
FILE_NAME FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf 1 TEMP
SQL> select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users;【查看用户的默认表空间】
USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESP TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
--------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OUTLN SYSTEM TEMP
SYS SYSTEM TEMP
SYSTEM SYSTEM TEMP
SCOTT USERS TEMP
TOM USERS TEMP
DBSNMP SYSAUX TEMP
TSMSYS USERS TEMP
DIP USERS TEMP
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/iyoume2008/p/7524508.html
