springmvc入门

mac2022-10-03 29

1、Springmvc简介及配置

1.什么是springMVC? Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。

2.SpringMVC处理请求的流程首先用户发送请求–>DispatherServlet DispatcherServlet–>HandlerMapping DispatcherServlet–>HandlerAdapter HandlerAdapter–>处理器功能处理方法的调用 View–>渲染返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户，流程结束

3.SpringMVC核心开发步骤 DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述，从而拦截请求到springMVC HandlerMapping的配置，从而将请求映射到处理器 HandlerAdapter的配置，从而支持多种类型的处理器处理器(页面控制器)的配置，从而刊行功能处理 ViewResolver的配置，从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术

4.SpringMVC的组件前端控制器(DispatcherServlet) 请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping) 处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter) 视图解析器(ViewResolver) 处理器或页面控制器(Controller) 验证器(Validator) 命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象) 表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象) 5. 如何在项目中添加springmvc 添加pom依赖

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>

JSTL依赖缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config 原因：org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包

<dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency>

后面还需要对jsp页面进行访问，需要添加以下依赖

<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version> <tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>${standard.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId> <version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version> </dependency>

在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">   <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.likang"/>    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean>     <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/> </beans>

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>  <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>   <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener>  <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  <async-supported>true</async-supported> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>  <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

2、Springmvc之helloword实现

测试代码 HelloController

package com.likang.controller; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 木子康 * * *5种情况 * 1，转发到页面 * 2，转发到根路径下的页面 * 3，转发到requemapping下 * 4，重定向Dao根路径下的页面 * 5，重定向到requestmapping下 * * */ @Controller public class HelloController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/HelloWord1") public String HelloWord1(){ System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!"); return "Hello !!!"; } @RequestMapping("/HelloWord2") public String HelloWord2(){ System.out.println("Hello 康!!!"); return "hello"; } @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/HelloWord3") public Map HelloWord3(){ System.out.println("Hello 木子!!!"); Map map=new HashMap(); map.put("total",19); map.put("rows","一串数据"); return map; } // 1，转发到页面 @RequestMapping("/forward1") public String forward1(){ System.out.println("欢迎来到forward"); return "mu"; } // 2，转发到根路径下的页面 @RequestMapping("/forward2") public String forward2(){ return "forward:/kang.jsp"; } // 3，转发到requemapping下 @RequestMapping("/forward3") public String forward3(){ return "forward:/forward1"; } // 4，重定向Dao根路径下的页面 @RequestMapping("/redirecte1") public String redirecte1(){ return "redirect:/kang.jsp"; } // 5，重定向到requestmapping下 @RequestMapping("/redirecte2") public String redirecte2(){ return "redirect:/forward1"; } }

3、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理

PageTag

package com.likang.tag; import com.likang.util.PageBean; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private PageBean pageBean; public PageBean getPageBean() { return pageBean; } public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) { this.pageBean = pageBean; } @Override public int doStartTag() throws JspException { JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut(); try { out.print(toHTML()); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return super.doStartTag(); } private String toHTML() { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); /* * 拼接向后台提交数据的form表单 * 注意：拼接的form表单中的page参数是变化的，所以不需要保留上一次请求的值 */ sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>"); sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>"); Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = pageBean.getMap(); if(parameterMap != null && parameterMap.size() > 0) { Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) { if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey())) { String[] values = entry.getValue(); for (String val : values) { sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+val+"'>"); } } } } sb.append("</form>"); /* * 展示的分页条 */ sb.append("<div style='text-align: right; font-size: 12px;'>"); sb.append("每页"+pageBean.getRows()+"条，共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条，第"+pageBean.getPage()+"页，共"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"页  <a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a>  <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPreivousPage()+")'>上一页</a>  <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getNextPage()+")'>下一页</a>  <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getMaxPage()+")'>尾页</a>  <input type='text'"); sb.append(" id='skipPage'"); sb.append(" style='text-align: center; font-size: 12px; width: 50px;'>  <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:skipPage()'>Go</a>"); sb.append("</div>"); /* * 给分页条添加与后台交互的js代码 */ sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>"); sb.append(" function gotoPage(page) {"); sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;"); sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append(" function skipPage() {"); sb.append(" var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;"); sb.append(" if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"){"); sb.append(" alert('请输入1~N的数字');"); sb.append(" return;"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append(" gotoPage(page);"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append("</script>"); return sb.toString(); } }

PageBean

package com.likang.util; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Map; public class PageBean implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 2422581023658455731L; //页码 private int page=1; //每页显示记录数 private int rows=10; //总记录数 private int total=0; //是否分页 private boolean isPagination=true; //上一次的请求路径 private String url; //获取所有的请求参数 private Map<String,String[]> map; public PageBean() { super(); } //设置请求参数 public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) { String page=req.getParameter("page"); String rows=req.getParameter("rows"); String pagination=req.getParameter("pagination"); this.setPage(page); this.setRows(rows); this.setPagination(pagination); this.url=req.getContextPath()+req.getServletPath(); this.map=req.getParameterMap(); } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public Map<String, String[]> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map<String, String[]> map) { this.map = map; } public int getPage() { return page; } public void setPage(int page) { this.page = page; } public void setPage(String page) { if(null!=page&&!"".equals(page.trim())) this.page = Integer.parseInt(page); } public int getRows() { return rows; } public void setRows(int rows) { this.rows = rows; } public void setRows(String rows) { if(null!=rows&&!"".equals(rows.trim())) this.rows = Integer.parseInt(rows); } public int getTotal() { return total; } public void setTotal(int total) { this.total = total; } public void setTotal(String total) { this.total = Integer.parseInt(total); } public boolean isPagination() { return isPagination; } public void setPagination(boolean isPagination) { this.isPagination = isPagination; } public void setPagination(String isPagination) { if(null!=isPagination&&!"".equals(isPagination.trim())) this.isPagination = Boolean.parseBoolean(isPagination); } /** * 获取分页起始标记位置 * @return */ public int getStartIndex() { //(当前页码-1)*显示记录数 return (this.getPage()-1)*this.rows; } /** * 末页 * @return */ public int getMaxPage() { int totalpage=this.total/this.rows; if(this.total%this.rows!=0) totalpage++; return totalpage; } /** * 下一页 * @return */ public int getNextPage() { int nextPage=this.page+1; if(this.page>=this.getMaxPage()) nextPage=this.getMaxPage(); return nextPage; } /** * 上一页 * @return */ public int getPreivousPage() { int previousPage=this.page-1; if(previousPage<1) previousPage=1; return previousPage; } @Override public String toString() { return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", isPagination=" + isPagination + "]"; } }

BookController

package com.likang.controller; import com.likang.model.Book; import com.likang.service.BookService; import com.likang.util.PageBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 木子康 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController { @Autowired private BookService bookService; @RequestMapping("/list") public String list(Book book, HttpServletRequest req){ PageBean pageBean=new PageBean(); pageBean.setRequest(req); List<Book> books = this.bookService.listPager(book, pageBean); req.setAttribute("bookList",books); req.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean); return "bookList"; } @RequestMapping("/preSave") public String preSave(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ if(book!=null && book.getBid()!=null && book.getBid()!=0){ Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid()); req.setAttribute("books",b); } return "bookEdit"; } @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.insertSelective(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}") public String del(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid, HttpServletRequest req){ this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid); return "redirect:/book/list"; } }

bookList.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ taglib uri="/likang" prefix="z" %> <%--<%@ taglib uri="/zking" prefix="z" %>--%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function add(){ // window.location.href = "bookEdit.jsp"; <%--window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAdd";--%> } function update(bid){ <%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=load&&bid="+bid;--%> } function del(bid){ <%--window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=delele&&bid="+bid;--%> } </script> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/list" method="post"> 书名：<input type="text" name="bname"> <input type="submit" value="确定"> </form> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave">新增</a> <table border="1" width="100%"> <tr> <td>编号</td> <td>名称</td> <td>价格</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${bookList }" var="b"> <tr> <td>${b.bid }</td> <td>${b.bname }</td> <td>${b.price }</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave?bid=${b.bid}">修改</a>    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${b.bid}">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> <z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page> </body> </html>

4、Springmvc静态资源处理

springmvc不可以直接访问到静态资源文件我们需要加一个专门处理处理静态资源文件的功能例如: 访问static的图片

<mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>

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