一、前言
app开发过程中,需要对本地数据进行加密,因此了解了app所能获取到的一些标示。
常见唯一标示 imei
Android_id
mac地址
Installtion ID : UUID
Pseudo-Unique ID
二、IMEI 需要获取权限 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/> 获取方法
TelephonyManager telephonyManager =(TelephonyManager)context.getSystemService(context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId(); 问题: Android6.0后当无法获取到该权限后,方法直接报错,imei作为唯一标示可靠性太差。
Android_id 获取 String ANDROID_ID = Settings.System.getString(getContentResolver(), Settings.System.ANDROID_ID); 问题: Android_id是不需要权限,但它跟手机rom和手机厂商有关(Android_id是设备首次运行随机生成的64位数字)有点手机是获取不到,恢复出厂设置时也会改变,可靠性也较差
Mac地址 获取方法
/** * Android 6.0 之前(不包括6.0)获取mac地址 * 必须的权限 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission> * @param context * @return */ public static String getMacDefault(Context context) { String mac = ""; if (context == null) { return mac; } WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager)context.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); WifiInfo info = null; try { info = wifi.getConnectionInfo(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (info == null) { return null; } mac = info.getMacAddress(); if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mac)) { mac = mac.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH); } return mac; } /** * Android 6.0-Android 7.0 获取mac地址 */ public static String getMacAddress() { String macSerial = null; String str = ""; try { Process pp = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cat/sys/class/net/wlan0/address"); InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(pp.getInputStream()); LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir); while (null != str) { str = input.readLine(); if (str != null) { macSerial = str.trim();//去空格 break; } } } catch (IOException ex) { // 赋予默认值 ex.printStackTrace(); } return macSerial; } /** * 通过网络接口取 * @return */ private static String getNewMac() { try { List<NetworkInterface> all = Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces()); for (NetworkInterface nif : all) { if (!nif.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("wlan0")) continue; byte[] macBytes = nif.getHardwareAddress(); if (macBytes == null) { return null; } StringBuilder res1 = new StringBuilder(); for (byte b : macBytes) { res1.append(String.format("%02X:", b)); } if (res1.length() > 0) { res1.deleteCharAt(res1.length() - 1); } return res1.toString(); } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 获取mac地址(适配所有Android版本) * @return */ public static String getMac( Context context) { String mac = ""; if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { mac = getMacDefault(context); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { mac = getMacAddress(); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { mac = getNewMac(); } return mac; } 问题: 手机必须具有上网功能,使用场景有局限性
Installtion ID : UUID 这种方式的原理是在程序安装后第一次运行时生成一个ID,该方式和设备唯一标识不一样,不同的应用程序会产生不同的ID,同一个程序重新安装也会不同。所以这不是设备的唯一ID,但是可以保证每个用户的ID是不同的。可以说是用来标识每一份应用程序的唯一ID(即Installtion ID),可以用来跟踪应用的安装数量等。 获取方法
public class Installation { private static String sID = null; private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION"; public synchronized static String id(Context context) { if (sID == null) { File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION); try { if (!installation.exists()) writeInstallationFile(installation); sID = readInstallationFile(installation); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } return sID; } private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r"); byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()]; f.readFully(bytes); f.close(); return new String(bytes); } private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation); String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); out.write(id.getBytes()); out.close(); } } 问题: 无法唯一的标示,多次安装多次不同
Pseudo-Unique ID /** * Return pseudo unique ID * * @return ID */ public static String getUniquePsuedoDeviceID() { // If all else fails, if the user does have lower than API 9 (lower // than Gingerbread), has reset their device or 'Secure.ANDROID_ID' // returns 'null', then simply the ID returned will be solely based // off their Android device information. This is where the collisions // can happen. // Thanks http://www.pocketmagic.net/?p=1662! // Try not to use DISPLAY, HOST or ID - these items could change. // If there are collisions, there will be overlapping data String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + (Build.BOARD.length() % 10) + (Build.BRAND.length() % 10) + (Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10) + (Build.DEVICE.length() % 10) + (Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10) + (Build.MODEL.length() % 10) + (Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10); // Log.i("", "getUniquePsuedoDeviceID: "+m_szDevIDShort); // Only devices with API >= 9 have android.os.Build.SERIAL String serial = null; try { serial = Build.class.getField("SERIAL").get(null).toString(); // Go ahead and return the serial for api => 9 return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString(); } catch (Exception exception) { // String needs to be initialized serial = "serial"; // some value } // Thanks @Joe! // http://stackoverflow.com/a/2853253/950427 // Finally, combine the values we have found by using the UUID class to create a unique identifier return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString(); } 问题: 模拟器和刷机带来的一样的id,但能保证99.5%的成功率
总结 到现在发现没有一个是完全靠谱的方式,那就呵呵。 那就其他人是咋解决的呢?发现无外乎这些方法,那大厂是如何解决的呢?
解决 utdid4all-1.1.5.3_proguard.jar 借助上面阿里的jar
UTDevice.getUtdid(AppApplication.in()) 获取一个稳定的id