C++中使用CMake编译管理项目

mac2024-02-02  63

CMake是一个跨平台的Makefile生成工具,可以根据特定的规则生成相应的Makefile文件,并对C/C++源代码进行编译和管理。 有一篇博客介绍CMake的使用,比较通俗易懂,链接地址是:Cmake 详解 CMake的官方下载地址为:https://cmake.org/download/ 官方文档地址为:CMake 3.16 Documentation 官方的CMake指南地址为:CMake Tutorial

一、CMake中添加对C++11的支持

1、在对应的CMakeLists.txt文件中加入以下语句:

add_definitions(-std=c++11)

或者

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 -g ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}") endif(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)

2、延伸 如何写cmake使其包含c++11特性 (-std=c++11如何写进cmakeList.txt)

使用的g++版本和cmake版本分别是g++ 4.8.2和cmake 2.8 之前写cmkae编译带有c++11特性的代码有这么一句:

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")

但是总会出现cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option “-std=c++11” 报错。 所以set(QMAKE_CXXFLAGS “-std=c++11”) 类似的写法肯定不行。 后来发现是std=c++11 这种写法老版本不支持。 ok 直接测试新写法 CMakeLists.txt文件如下所示:

#CMakeLists.txt project(test) cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST) add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LIST}${PROJECT_NAME}.cpp) include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag) CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++11" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11) CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++0x" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X) if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11") elseif(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x") else() message(STATUS "The compiler ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} has no C++11 support. Please use a different C++ compiler.") endif()

测试c++11代码如下:

//test.cc #include <iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; int main() { const std::vector<int>v(1); auto a = v[0];//a为int类型 cout <<"a : "<< a <<endl; decltype(v[0]) b = 0;//b为const int&类型,即std::vector<int>::operator[](size_type)const的返回类型 auto c = 0;//c为int类型 auto d = c;//d为int类型 decltype(c) e;//e为int类型,c实体的类型 decltype((c)) f = e;//f为int&类型,因为(c)是左值 decltype(0) g;//g为int类型,因为0是右值 return 0; }

examples_CMake项目

github上面有一个韩国人jacking75写的简单的cmake使用示例, examples_CMake项目地址是:https://github.com/jacking75/examples_CMake

CMake例子

范例介绍

示例代码在CMake_example目录中。

01 helloworld 一个简单文件中的-C ++代码
main.cpp #include <iostream> int main() { auto name = "jacking"; std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl; return 0; } CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_definitions(-std=c++11) add_executable(Main main.cpp)
02 helloworld-设置编译器选项。 -Wall,C ++ 14
main.cpp #include <iostream> int main() { auto name = "jacking"; std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl; return 0; } CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14") add_executable(Main main.cpp)
03 helloworld-如果您有除主代码文件以外的其他代码文件
main.cpp #include "test.h" int main() { TEST test; test.Print(); return 0; } test.h class TEST { public: void Print(); }; test.cpp #include "test.h" #include <iostream> void TEST::Print() { std::cout << "Test::Print" << std::endl; } CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_executable(Main main.cpp test.cpp )
04 helloworld-如果mai.cpp以外的文件位于其他目录中

源代码04_helloworld目录结构如下:

[root@ltcos01 04_helloworld]$ tree -L 2 . ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp ├── test01 │ ├── test01.cpp │ └── test01.h └── test02 ├── test02.cpp └── test02.h 2 directories, 6 files main.cpp #include "test01/test01.h" #include "test02/test02.h" int main() { TEST01 test01; test01.Print(); TEST02 test02; test02.Print(); return 0; }

test01目录下 有test01.h和test01.cpp这两个文件

test01/test01.h class TEST01 { public: void Print(); }; test01/test01.cpp #include "test01.h" #include <iostream> void TEST01::Print() { std::cout << "Test01::Print" << std::endl; }

test02目录下有test02.h和test02.cpp这两个文件

test02/test02.h class TEST02 { public: void Print(); }; test02/test02.cpp #include "test02.h" #include <iostream> void TEST02::Print() { std::cout << "Test02::Print" << std::endl; } CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_executable(Main main.cpp test01/test01.cpp test02/test02.cpp )
05 helloworld-reference 创建静态文件后

05_helloworld源代码目录树结构如下所示:

[root@ltcos01 05_helloworld]$ tree -L 2 . ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp ├── test01 │ ├── CMakeLists.txt │ ├── test01.cpp │ └── test01.h └── test02 ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── test02.cpp └── test02.h 2 directories, 8 files main.cpp #include "test01/test01.h" #include "test02/test02.h" int main() { TEST01 test01; test01.Print(); TEST02 test02; test02.Print(); return 0; } CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_subdirectory(test01) add_subdirectory(test02) add_executable(Main main.cpp) target_link_libraries(Main Test01 Test02)

test01目录下有test01.h和test01.cpp以及相应的CMakeLists.txt文件

test01/test01.h class TEST01 { public: void Print(); }; test01/test01.cpp #include "test01.h" #include <iostream> void TEST01::Print() { std::cout << "Test01::Print" << std::endl; } test01/CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_library(Test01 STATIC test01.cpp )

上面的test01目录下的CMakeLists.txt的add_library(Test01 STATIC test01.cpp)指令会生成相应的静态库文件libTest01.a

test02目录下和test01目录结构一样,也有test02.h和test02.cpp以及相应的CMakeLists.txt文件

test01/test02.h class TEST02 { public: void Print(); }; test02/test02.cpp #include "test02.h" #include <iostream> void TEST02::Print() { std::cout << "Test02::Print" << std::endl; } test02/CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) add_library(Test02 STATIC test02.cpp )

同样的,在上面的test02目录下执行cmake命令会生成相应的静态库文件libTest02.a。具体操作过程如下:新建一个build目录,然后进入到build目录下执行cmake …运行上一级目录即test02下的CMakeLists.txt文件,操作如下:

[root@ltcos01 test02]$ ls build CMakeLists.txt test02.cpp test02.h [root@ltcos01 test02]$ cd build/ [root@ltcos01 build]$ ls [root@ltcos01 build]$ cmake .. -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting C compile features -- Detecting C compile features - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /data/public/home/cchufeng/GithubProjects/examples_CMake/CMake_example/05_helloworld/test02/build [root@ltcos01 build]$ make Scanning dependencies of target Test02 [ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/Test02.dir/test02.cpp.o [100%] Linking CXX static library libTest02.a [100%] Built target Test02 [root@ltcos01 build]$ ls CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake libTest02.a Makefile [root@ltcos01 build]$
06 helloworld-指定编译器
main.cpp #include <iostream> int main() { auto name = "jacking"; std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl; return 0; } CMakeLists.txt PROJECT(hello) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER g++) add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14") ADD_EXECUTABLE(main main.cpp)
07 helloworld-使用外部库(此处为Boost库)
main.cpp #include <boost/thread.hpp> #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << "Boost.Thread !!!" << std::endl; boost::thread Thread1( [] () { for( int i = 0; i < 5; ++i ) { std::cout << "Thread Num : " << i << std::endl; } } ); Thread1.join(); return 0; } CMakeLists.txt PROJECT(hello) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER g++) set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-m64") add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14") INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(/$ENV{HOME}/Dev/C++/ThirdParty/boost_1_60_0) LINK_DIRECTORIES(/$ENV{HOME}/Dev/C++/ThirdParty/boost_1_60_0/stage/gcc/lib) ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello-boost hello-boost.cpp) TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hello-boost pthread boost_thread boost_system boost_chrono)
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