一、概览图：
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是
否
是
否
输入数据
格式化输入
补位
附加长度信息
分组格式化
最后一组
格式化输出
输出摘要
是第一组
赋初值
对当前组做单次运算
记录单组结果
取单组结果作为初始值
二、分步解析
1.格式化输入
因为SHA1算法只接受位作为输入，所以进行计算前必须把原始消息（比如字符串、文件等）转换成位字符串。比如，对字符串“abc”产生消息摘要，‘a’=97 ‘b’=98 ‘c’=99，先转换成24位的字符串（实际上在嵌入式c中不需要转换）： 01100001 01100010 01100011。
2.补位
消息必须进行补位，使其长度在对512取模以后的余数是448，即（补位后的消息长度）%512 = 448。 对消息进行补位时，先在后面补一个1，如果不满足要求，再补0直到满足对512取模余数为448。这就意味着，补位至少补一位（原消息位数为512N+447），最多补512位（原消息位数为512N+448）。 还是以前面的“abc”为例显示补位的过程： 原始信息： 01100001 01100010 01100011 补位第一步，首先补一个1： 01100001 01100010 01100011 1 可以确定的是，如果用一个字节来表示一个字符，补1之后肯定不满足条件，仍需继续补位。 补位第二步，后面补0直到总长度对512取模余数为448，这里补423个0，使总长度达到为448： 01100001 01100010 01100011 1000……00 补位完成后的数据转换为16进制： 61626380 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 从16进制数据里可以看到，我们也可以直接采用16进制的方式进行补位（原理是一致的，只不过是进制不同），我们先补80，看是否满足长度对64取余的结果为56，不满足则继续补0。
3.附加长度信息
这一步中，要将原始消息（没有进行补位操作之前）的长度（二进制位数）附加到已经补位的消息之后。 通常用一个64位的数据来表示原始消息的长度。如果消息长度不大于2^64，那么第一个字就是0。 补长度的操作以后，整个消息（16进制）如下： 61626380 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000018 注意，这里是64位，上一步补位后的长度是512N+448，这样，512N+448+64=512(N+1)，恰好可以被512整除。
4.分组格式化
1).将整个消息Z拆分为N个512位的数据块Y1，Y2，…,Yn； 2).将每一块数据Yn进行拆分，拆分成16个32位的字M[k]（k= 0, 1,……15） 3).对每一块数据Yn进行扩充运算，得到N个扩充后的数据块X1，X2，……Xn，Xn的格式为：W[k]（k= 0, 1,……79）； 其中扩充算法如下： W t = M t , 当0≤t≤15 W t = ( W t-3 ^ W t-8^ W t-14^ W t-16 ) << 1, 当16≤t≤79 实际代码实现过程中，分组格化工作可以在计算到对应数据块时再进行，这样可以节省内存空间。
5.准备初始值
第一组即X0的W0计算前需要进行初始化，初始化方法如下： H0 = 0x67452301； H1 = 0xEFCDAB89； H2 = 0x98BADCFE； H3 = 0x10325476； H4 = 0xC3D2E1F0；
6.单组运算如图：
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是
否
输入数据
A=H0 B=H1 C=H2 D=H4 E=H5 t=0
E=D
D=C
C=B<<30
B=A
A=((A<<5)+ft(B,C,D)+E+Wt+Kt)
t++
t<=79
H0=H0+A H1=H1+B H2=H2+C H2=H3+D H4=H4+E
输出结果
1).将A、B、C、D、E、t初始化，A=H0、B=H1、C=H2、D=H3、E=H4，t = 0，其中Hn为传入的值； 2).E = D； 3).D = C； 4).C = B<<30； 5).B = A； 6).A = A<<5+ft(B,C,D)+E+Wt+Kt. 其中ft为函数运算其定义如下： ft(B,C,D) = (B&C)|((~B)&D) ( 0 <= t <= 19)； ft(B,C,D) = BCD (20 <= t <= 39)； ft(B,C,D) = (B&C)|(B&D) OR (C&D) (40 <= t <= 59)； ft(B,C,D) = BCD (60 <= t <= 79)； 其中Wt为格式化数据Xn的一个元素。 其中Kt为常量，定义如下： Kt = 0x5A827999 (0 <= t <= 19) Kt = 0x6ED9EBA1 (20 <= t <= 39) Kt = 0x8F1BBCDC (40 <= t <= 59) Kt = 0xCA62C1D6 (60 <= t <= 79) 7).t++； 8).循环步骤2到6直至t>79； 9).与初始值求和H0=H0+A、H1=H1+B、H2=H2+C、H3=H3+D、H4=H4+E； 10).输出单次计算结果H0、H1、H2、H3、H4；
7.格式化输出
计算完成后以字节形式输出摘要信息。
