最近课程project要识别猫和狗，做一个自动投食机。目前思考方案是先在ubuntu虚拟机上训练好模型，然后放到树莓派上跑视觉识别，并发指令给ardiuno完成相应动作。无奈ubuntu虚拟机实在跑不动Tensorflow，于是只好放在mac上跑。这里讲一下mac从0开始跑猫狗识别。
首先mac是自带python2.7的，但是python2.7马上就不支持维护了，于是首先要装python3，安装python3方法也有很多，可以看考官方文档：
https://tensorflow.juejin.im/install/install_mac.html#toc-18
brew是一个非常好管理mac文档的东西，但是brew提供的python是最新版的3.7，对于tensorflow的兼容并不友好，于是推荐可以到python的官网下载python3.4/3.5/3.6。
https://www.python.org/downloads/
安装好python3.5就可以开始安装tensorflow了。下面这篇教程写的非常好：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/28362186
但是按照默认的来安装的话是安装最新版的tensorflow2.0了，因此跟网上贴出的许多基于tensorflow1.x的代码兼容性不高，作为tensorflow小白果断选择了安装老版本的tensorflow。
只要把下面这句：
pip3 install --upgrade tensorflow换成：
pip3 install https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/mac/cpu/tensorflow-1.4.0-py3-none-any.whl就是安装tensorflow1.4.0了，要装其他版本的tensorflow把对应版本换一下就行。
下面开始贴代码，该代码在网上广为流传，在python3.5.2和tensorflow1.4.0亲测可用。新建4个py文件，input_data.py，model.py，training.py 和test.py，分别用来读入处理图片，建立卷积层，训练模型和测试训练好的模型。
input_data.py:
#coding=utf-8 import os os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2' import tensorflow as tf import numpy as np def get_files(file_dir): cats = [] label_cats = [] dogs = [] label_dogs = [] for file in os.listdir(file_dir): name = file.split(sep='.') if 'cat' in name[0]: cats.append(file_dir + file) label_cats.append(0) else: if 'dog' in name[0]: dogs.append(file_dir + file) label_dogs.append(1) image_list = np.hstack((cats,dogs)) label_list = np.hstack((label_cats,label_dogs)) # print('There are %d cats\nThere are %d dogs' %(len(cats), len(dogs))) # 多个种类分别的时候需要把多个种类放在一起，打乱顺序,这里不需要 # 把标签和图片都放倒一个 temp 中 然后打乱顺序，然后取出来 temp = np.array([image_list,label_list]) temp = temp.transpose() # 打乱顺序 np.random.shuffle(temp) # 取出第一个元素作为 image 第二个元素作为 label image_list = list(temp[:,0]) label_list = list(temp[:,1]) label_list = [int(i) for i in label_list] return image_list,label_list # 测试 get_files #imgs , label = get_files("/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train") #for i in imgs: # print("img:",i) # #for i in label: # print('label:',i) #测试 get_files end # image_W ,image_H 指定图片大小，batch_size 每批读取的个数 ，capacity队列中 最多容纳元素的个数 def get_batch(image,label,image_W,image_H,batch_size,capacity): # 转换数据为 ts 能识别的格式 image = tf.cast(image,tf.string) label = tf.cast(label, tf.int32) # 将image 和 label 放倒队列里 input_queue = tf.train.slice_input_producer([image,label]) label = input_queue[1] # 读取图片的全部信息 image_contents = tf.read_file(input_queue[0]) # 把图片解码，channels ＝3 为彩色图片, r，g ，b 黑白图片为 1 ，也可以理解为图片的厚度 image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_contents,channels =3) # 将图片以图片中心进行裁剪或者扩充为 指定的image_W，image_H image = tf.image.resize_image_with_crop_or_pad(image, image_W, image_H) # 对数据进行标准化,标准化，就是减去它的均值，除以他的方差 image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image) # 生成批次 num_threads 有多少个线程根据电脑配置设置 capacity 队列中 最多容纳图片的个数 tf.train.shuffle_batch 打乱顺序， image_batch, label_batch = tf.train.batch([image, label],batch_size = batch_size, num_threads = 64, capacity = capacity) # 重新定义下 label_batch 的形状 label_batch = tf.reshape(label_batch , [batch_size]) # 转化图片 image_batch = tf.cast(image_batch,tf.float32) return image_batch, label_batch # TEST #import matplotlib #matplotlib.use('TkAgg') #import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # #BATCH_SIZE = 2 #CAPACITY = 256 #IMG_W = 208 #IMG_H = 208 # #train_dir = "/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train/" #image_list, label_list = get_files(train_dir) #image_batch, label_batch = get_batch(image_list, label_list, IMG_W, IMG_H, BATCH_SIZE, CAPACITY) # #with tf.Session() as sess: # i = 0 # coord = tf.train.Coordinator() # threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(coord=coord) # try: # while not coord.should_stop() and i < 1: # img, label = sess.run([image_batch, label_batch]) # # for j in np.arange(BATCH_SIZE): # print("label: %d" % label[j]) # plt.imshow(img[j, :, :, :]) # plt.show() # i += 1 # except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError: # print("done!") # finally: # coord.request_stop() # coord.join(threads)这里一定要注意一个大坑！图片的文件夹路径最后必须要加/，也就是像我这样"/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train/"，如果是"/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train"就不行！在下面一个形成batch的test时候会报错！但是在ubuntu中就没有这个坑，搞了好久这个bug。
model.py:
#coding=utf-8 import tensorflow as tf def inference(images, batch_size, n_classes): with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope: # 卷积盒的为 3*3 的卷积盒，图片厚度是3，输出是16个featuremap weights = tf.get_variable('weights', shape=[3, 3, 3, 16], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1, dtype=tf.float32)) biases = tf.get_variable('biases', shape=[16], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1)) conv = tf.nn.conv2d(images, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases) conv1 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name=scope.name) with tf.variable_scope('pooling1_lrn') as scope: pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling1') norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm1') with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope: weights = tf.get_variable('weights', shape=[3, 3, 16, 16], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1, dtype=tf.float32)) biases = tf.get_variable('biases', shape=[16], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1)) conv = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME') pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases) conv2 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name='conv2') # pool2 and norm2 with tf.variable_scope('pooling2_lrn') as scope: norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm2') pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling2') with tf.variable_scope('local3') as scope: reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, shape=[batch_size, -1]) dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value weights = tf.get_variable('weights', shape=[dim, 128], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32)) biases = tf.get_variable('biases', shape=[128], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1)) local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weights) + biases, name=scope.name) # local4 with tf.variable_scope('local4') as scope: weights = tf.get_variable('weights', shape=[128, 128], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32)) biases = tf.get_variable('biases', shape=[128], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1)) local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weights) + biases, name='local4') # softmax with tf.variable_scope('softmax_linear') as scope: weights = tf.get_variable('softmax_linear', shape=[128, n_classes], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32)) biases = tf.get_variable('biases', shape=[n_classes], dtype=tf.float32, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.1)) softmax_linear = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weights), biases, name='softmax_linear') return softmax_linear def losses(logits, labels): with tf.variable_scope('loss') as scope: cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits \ (logits=logits, labels=labels, name='xentropy_per_example') loss = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='loss') tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/loss', loss) return loss def trainning(loss, learning_rate): with tf.name_scope('optimizer'): optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate= learning_rate) global_step = tf.Variable(0, name='global_step', trainable=False) train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step= global_step) return train_op def evaluation(logits, labels): with tf.variable_scope('accuracy') as scope: correct = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, labels, 1) correct = tf.cast(correct, tf.float16) accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(correct) tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/accuracy', accuracy) return accuracytraining.py:
#coding=utf-8 import os os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2' import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf import input_data import model N_CLASSES = 2 # 2个输出神经元，［1，0］ 或者 ［0，1］猫和狗的概率 IMG_W = 208 # 重新定义图片的大小，图片如果过大则训练比较慢 IMG_H = 208 BATCH_SIZE = 8 #每批数据的大小 CAPACITY = 16 MAX_STEP = 15000 # 训练的步数，应当 >= 10000 learning_rate = 0.0001 # 学习率，建议刚开始的 learning_rate <= 0.0001 def run_training(): # 数据集 train_dir = '/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train/' #My dir--20170727-csq #logs_train_dir 存放训练模型的过程的数据，在tensorboard 中查看 logs_train_dir = '/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/res/' # 获取图片和标签集 train, train_label = input_data.get_files(train_dir) # 生成批次 train_batch, train_label_batch = input_data.get_batch(train, train_label, IMG_W, IMG_H, BATCH_SIZE, CAPACITY) # 进入模型 train_logits = model.inference(train_batch, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES) # 获取 loss train_loss = model.losses(train_logits, train_label_batch) # 训练 train_op = model.trainning(train_loss, learning_rate) # 获取准确率 train__acc = model.evaluation(train_logits, train_label_batch) # 合并 summary summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all() sess = tf.Session() # 保存summary train_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(logs_train_dir, sess.graph) saver = tf.train.Saver() sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer()) coord = tf.train.Coordinator() threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord) try: for step in np.arange(MAX_STEP): if coord.should_stop(): break _, tra_loss, tra_acc = sess.run([train_op, train_loss, train__acc]) if step % 50 == 0: print('Step %d, train loss = %.2f, train accuracy = %.2f%%' %(step, tra_loss, tra_acc*100.0)) summary_str = sess.run(summary_op) train_writer.add_summary(summary_str, step) if step % 2000 == 0 or (step + 1) == MAX_STEP: # 每隔2000步保存一下模型，模型保存在 checkpoint_path 中 checkpoint_path = os.path.join(logs_train_dir, 'model.ckpt') saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=step) except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError: print('Done training -- epoch limit reached') finally: coord.request_stop() coord.join(threads) sess.close() # train run_training()然后打开终端开始跑就可以了，跑的过程中如下：
接下来就是漫长的等待时间了。 算完之后运行test.py:
#coding=utf-8 import tensorflow as tf from PIL import Image import matplotlib matplotlib.use('TkAgg') import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import input_data import numpy as np import model import os #从指定目录中选取一张图片 def get_one_image(train): files = os.listdir(train) n = len(files) ind = np.random.randint(0,n) img_dir = os.path.join(train,files[ind]) image = Image.open(img_dir) plt.imshow(image) plt.show() image = image.resize([208, 208]) image = np.array(image) return image def evaluate_one_image(): #存放的是我从百度下载的猫狗图片路径 train = '/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/train/' image_array = get_one_image(train) with tf.Graph().as_default(): BATCH_SIZE = 1 # 因为只读取一副图片 所以batch 设置为1 N_CLASSES = 2 # 2个输出神经元，［1，0］ 或者 ［0，1］猫和狗的概率 # 转化图片格式 image = tf.cast(image_array, tf.float32) # 图片标准化 image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image) # 图片原来是三维的 [208, 208, 3] 重新定义图片形状 改为一个4D 四维的 tensor image = tf.reshape(image, [1, 208, 208, 3]) logit = model.inference(image, BATCH_SIZE, N_CLASSES) # 因为 inference 的返回没有用激活函数，所以在这里对结果用softmax 激活 logit = tf.nn.softmax(logit) # 用最原始的输入数据的方式向模型输入数据 placeholder x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[208, 208, 3]) # 我门存放模型的路径 logs_train_dir = '/Users/cenjun/Desktop/Sensor/res/' # 定义saver saver = tf.train.Saver() with tf.Session() as sess: print("从指定的路径中加载模型。。。。") # 将模型加载到sess 中 ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(logs_train_dir) if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path: global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1] saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path) print('模型加载成功, 训练的步数为 %s' % global_step) else: print('模型加载失败，，，文件没有找到') # 将图片输入到模型计算 prediction = sess.run(logit, feed_dict={x: image_array}) # 获取输出结果中最大概率的索引 max_index = np.argmax(prediction) if max_index==0: print('猫的概率 %.6f' %prediction[:, 0]) else: print('狗的概率 %.6f' %prediction[:, 1]) # 测试 evaluate_one_image()这样会在train文件夹下面随意选一张图片进行识别，并给出猫和狗的概率。
