一、 POI简介 Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库，POI提供API给Java程序对MicrosoftOffice格式档案读和写的功能。
二、 HSSF概况 HSSF 是HorribleSpreadSheet Format的缩写，通过HSSF，你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。HSSF 为读取操作提供了两类API：usermodel和eventusermodel，即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”。
三、 POI EXCEL文档结构类 HSSFWorkbookexcel文档对象
HSSFSheetexcel的sheetHSSFRow excel的行
HSSFCellexcel的单元格 HSSFFontexcel字体
HSSFName 名称HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
HSSFHeadersheet头
HSSFFootersheet尾
HSSFCellStylecell样式
HSSFDateUtil日期
HSSFPrintSetup打印
HSSFErrorConstants错误信息表
四、 EXCEL常用操作方法
1、得到Excel常用对象
Java代码
POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:/test.xls")); //得到Excel工作簿对象 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); //得到Excel工作表对象 HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); //得到Excel工作表的行 HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i); //得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格 HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j); cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();//得到单元格样式 POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:/test.xls")); //得到Excel工作簿对象 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); //得到Excel工作表对象 HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); //得到Excel工作表的行 HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i); //得到Excel工作表指定行的单元格 HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j); cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();//得到单元格样式
2、建立Excel常用对象
Java代码
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象 HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行 cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式 row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格 row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Excel工作簿对象 HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");//创建Excel工作表对象 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); //创建Excel工作表的行 cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();//创建单元格样式 row.createCell((short)0).setCellStyle(cellStyle); //创建Excel工作表指定行的单元格 row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //设置Excel工作表的值
3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容
Java代码
wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16); cell.setEncoding((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("单元格内容"); wb.setSheetName(1, "第一张工作表",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16); cell.setEncoding((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("单元格内容");
4、取得sheet的数目
Java代码
wb.getNumberOfSheets() wb.getNumberOfSheets()
5、根据index取得sheet对象
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
6、取得有效的行数
Java代码
int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum(); int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
7、取得一行的有效单元格个数
Java代码
row.getLastCellNum(); row.getLastCellNum();
8、单元格值类型读写
Java代码
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型 cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置单元格为STRING类型 cell.getNumericCellValue();//读取为数值类型的单元格内容
9、设置列宽、行高
Java代码
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width); row.setHeight((short)height); sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width); row.setHeight((short)height);
10、添加区域，合并单元格
Java代码
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo ,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列 sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域 //得到所有区域 sheet.getNumMergedRegions() Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo ,(short)columnTo);//合并从第rowFrom行columnFrom列 sheet.addMergedRegion(region);// 到rowTo行columnTo的区域 //得到所有区域 sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
11、保存Excel文件
Java代码
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path); wb.write(fileOut); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(path); wb.write(fileOut);
12、根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
Java代码
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) { String cellValue = ""; switch (cell.getCellType()) { case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型 cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0) cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC); cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK: cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: break; default: break; } return cellValue; } public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) { String cellValue = ""; switch (cell.getCellType()) { case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串类型 cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0) cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数值类型 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC); cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK: cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: break; default: break; } return cellValue; }
13、常用单元格边框格式
Java代码
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框 style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框 style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框 style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框 HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//下边框 style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED);//左边框 style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框 style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框
14、设置字体和内容位置
Java代码
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont(); f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号 f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗 style.setFont(f); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中 style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat(); style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式 cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 HSSFFont f = wb.createFont(); f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号 f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗 style.setFont(f); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中 style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat(); style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式 cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
15、插入图片
Java代码
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg")); ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut); //读进一个excel模版 FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt"); fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos); //创建一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10); patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG)); //先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg")); ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut); //读进一个excel模版 FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt"); fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos); //创建一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10); patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
16、调整工作表位置
Java代码
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup(); sheet.setAutobreaks(true); ps.setFitHeight((short)1); ps.setFitWidth((short)1); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup(); sheet.setAutobreaks(true); ps.setFitHeight((short)1); ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
17、设置打印区域
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1"); wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2"); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1"); wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
18、标注脚注
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter() footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() ); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter() footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
19、在工作单中清空行数据，调整行位置
Java代码
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5) sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5) sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
20、选中指定的工作表
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); heet.setSelected(true); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); heet.setSelected(true);
21、工作表的放大缩小
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); sheet1.setZoom(1,2); // 50 percent magnification HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); sheet1.setZoom(1,2); // 50 percent magnification
22、头注和脚注
Java代码
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader(); header.setCenter("Center Header"); header.setLeft("Left Header"); header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") + HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16"); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader(); header.setCenter("Center Header"); header.setLeft("Left Header"); header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") + HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
23、自定义颜色
Java代码
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); style.setFont(font); cell.setCellStyle(style); HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); style.setFont(font); cell.setCellStyle(style);
24、填充和颜色设置
Java代码
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("X"); style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); cell.setCellStyle(style); HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("X"); style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); cell.setCellStyle(style);
25、强行刷新单元格公式
Java代码
HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb); privatestaticvoid updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){ Row r=s.getRow(row); Cell c=null; FormulaEcaluator eval=null; if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook) eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb); elseif(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook) eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb); for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){ c=r.getCell(i); if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA) eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c); } } HSSFFormulaEvaluator eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb); privatestaticvoid updateFormula(Workbook wb,Sheet s,int row){ Row r=s.getRow(row); Cell c=null; FormulaEcaluator eval=null; if(wb instanceof HSSFWorkbook) eval=new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) wb); elseif(wb instanceof XSSFWorkbook) eval=new XSSFFormulaEvaluator((XSSFWorkbook) wb); for(int i=r.getFirstCellNum();i<r.getLastCellNum();i++){ c=r.getCell(i); if(c.getCellType()==Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA) eval.evaluateFormulaCell(c); } }
