windows 10 安装 centos7 虚拟机

windows 10 安装 centos/7

下载 vagrant 版本vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64.msi

官网 下载: https://www.vagrantup.com/ 如果下载慢，可以从百度云盘下载[https://pan.baidu.com/s/12jCAuyJTguqDdyS0xTsYaQ](https://pan.baidu.com/s/12jCAuyJTguqDdyS0xTsYaQ)

下一步,下一步安装

输入vagrant.exe 查看是否安装成功

Usage: vagrant [options] <command> [<args>] -v, --version Print the version and exit. -h, --help Print this help. Common commands: box manages boxes: installation, removal, etc. cloud manages everything related to Vagrant Cloud destroy stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine global-status outputs status Vagrant environments for this user halt stops the vagrant machine help shows the help for a subcommand init initializes a new Vagrant environment by creating a Vagrantfile login package packages a running vagrant environment into a box plugin manages plugins: install, uninstall, update, etc. port displays information about guest port mappings powershell connects to machine via powershell remoting provision provisions the vagrant machine push deploys code in this environment to a configured destination rdp connects to machine via RDP reload restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration resume resume a suspended vagrant machine snapshot manages snapshots: saving, restoring, etc. ssh connects to machine via SSH ssh-config outputs OpenSSH valid configuration to connect to the machine status outputs status of the vagrant machine suspend suspends the machine up starts and provisions the vagrant environment upload upload to machine via communicator validate validates the Vagrantfile version prints current and latest Vagrant version winrm executes commands on a machine via WinRM winrm-config outputs WinRM configuration to connect to the machine For help on any individual command run `vagrant COMMAND -h` Additional subcommands are available, but are either more advanced or not commonly used. To see all subcommands, run the command `vagrant list-commands`.

下载 Oracle VM VirtualBox 版本 VirtualBox-6.0.14-133895-Win.exe

官网下载 https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads下一步，下一步安装安装成功，桌面会出现图标Oracle VM VirtualBox

下载 虚拟机

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dHURJl3p4LDhekxuM_IlKA 提取码: mds8

通过vagrant 导入下载的虚拟机

找一个文件夹下（这里我是放在D:\IDE\VM\centos7）打开powerShell软件 执行vagrant.exe init centos/7 ,当前目录下会生成一个Vagrantfile 文件

在当前目录(D:\IDE\VM\centos7)下继续执行vagrant.exe box add centos/7 D:\IDE\VM\virtualbox.box 命令 ，把百度云盘下载的虚拟机加载到VirtualBox中，此时当前目录会出现.vagrant 文件夹

在当前目录(D:\IDE\VM\centos7)下继续执行vagrant.exe up 启动虚拟机

PS D:\IDE\VM\centos7> vagrant.exe up Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider... ==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports... ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces... ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat ==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1) ==> default: Booting VM... ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key default: default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. default: default: Inserting generated public key within guest... default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key... ==> default: Machine booted and ready! ==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM... default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue. default: default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly, default: in which case you may ignore this message. ==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/d/IDE/VM/centos7/ => /vagrant

安装结束后，打开Oracle VM VirtualBox程序即可看到安装好并且已经启动好的虚拟机了

后续使用

进入到虚拟机的路径（D:\IDE\VM\centos7）下打开powerShell窗口使用下面的命令 vagrant halt 优雅关闭 vagrant up 正常启动

使用xshell 连接到虚拟机

使用centos7 默认的账号

在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config 可以查看到连接信息

Host default HostName 127.0.0.1 User vagrant Port 2222 UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null StrictHostKeyChecking no PasswordAuthentication no IdentityFile D:/IDE/VM/centos7/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key IdentitiesOnly yes LogLevel FATAL

使用root账号登录

vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中执行命令 sudo -i执行命令 vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config修改 PasswordAuthentication yes修改root密码，passwd root重启ssh systemctl restart sshd使用账号root，密码root进行登录

box的打包

退出虚拟机 vagrant halt打包 vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box得到 first-docker-centos7.box将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中 vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box得到Vagrantfile vagrant init first-docker-centos7根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机 vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]

1. 如果之前开启过Hyper-V ,在vagrant.exe up 失败的话

程序与功能->左侧启用或关闭windows功能 中 把Hyper-V 禁用掉以管理员权限打开cmd 执行命令bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off (这一步一定要做的)重启电脑

2.提供 vagrant 几个常用命令

vagrant ssh 进入刚才创建的centos7中vagrant status 查看centos7的状态vagrant halt 停止/关闭centos7vagrant destroy 删除centos7vagrant status 查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机

3. 可以修改Vagrantfile文件

Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富 但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，**必须使用vagrant reload **

4. 通过 Vagrantfile 修改虚拟机的配置

# -*- mode: ruby -*- # vi: set ft=ruby : # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what # you're doing. Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below. # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at # https://docs.vagrantup.com. # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search. config.vm.box = "centos/7" # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended. # config.vm.box_check_update = false # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below, # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine. # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1" # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine # using a specific IP. # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10" # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network. # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on # your network. config.vm.network "public_network" # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third # argument is a set of non-required options. # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data" # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options. # Example for VirtualBox: # # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine # vb.gui = true # # # Customize the amount of memory on the VM: # vb.memory = "1024" # end config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| vb.memory = "4000" ##内存大小 vb.name= "jack-centos7" ## 名称 vb.cpus= 2 ##cpu核数 end # # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more # information on available options. # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use. # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL # apt-get update # apt-get install -y apache2 # SHELL end