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Golang的http编程

mac2026-10-03  2

文章目录

1. 概述2. http服务端3. https服务端3. http客户端发送请求

1. 概述

我们简单的描述一下什么是web服务的工作方式,通常一个客户端(客户端可以是浏览器或者其他任何能发送http请求得工具)请求一个URL(uniform resource locator ) ,如果这个url是域名那么首先会去请求DNS(Domain Name System) 获取域名对应的真实IP(InternetProtocol) ,通过IP找到对应的服务器,并与服务器建立TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) 连接,客户端向服务器发送 HTTP Request 数据包,服务服务器处理该请求后,向客户端响应HTTP response 包, 客户端接受这个响应,并做响应的处理,等全部接受之后,就断开这个TCP连接

HTPP协议就是超文本传输协议(HyperText Transfer Protocol ) HTTP协议承载于TCP协议之上的,也可以说HTTP协议的基础是TCP协议

HTTPS协议超文本传输安全协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) 就是HTTP协议的安全版,在HTTP的协议基础上加入了TLS(Transport Layer Security 安全传输层协议)或者SSL(Secure Sockets Layer 安全套接层)协议层

通过Go语言来编写一个http服务器非常简单,同时通过Go语言发送http请求也很简单,我们使用 net/http 包就能实现

2. http服务端

package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net/http" ) func defaultFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println("client connect success ", r.RemoteAddr) // 以json格式响应给客户端 fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v\n", "welcome to user") } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", defaultFunc) if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil { log.Fatal("ListenAndServer: ", err) } }

3. https服务端

首先在本地构建https证书(windows10环境)

执行指令1

$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes) ..................+++++ ........+++++ e is 65537 (0x010001)

执行指令2

$ openssl req -new -x509 -key server.key -out server.crt -days 365 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:demo1 Locality Name (eg, city) []:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:PANG Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:localhost Email Address []: package main import ( "fmt" "net/http" ) func MyFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println(r.Method, r.RemoteAddr) fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", "https request") } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", MyFunc) cf := "E:/Go/src/GoNote/chapter9/demo12/main/server.crt" ck := "E:/Go/src/GoNote/chapter9/demo12/main/server.key" // 监听8081端口 http.ListenAndServeTLS(":8081", cf, ck, nil) }

3. http客户端发送请求

发送http请求,请求方式有POST ,GET ,PUT, DELETE等

编写一个http web服务端用来处理客户端的请求

httpServer.go

package main import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" "log" "net/http" "time" ) type responseToClient struct { Code int `json:"code"` Message string `json:"message"` Data map[string]string `json:"data"` } func defaultFunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { var dataForm map[string][]string // 标识一个客户端的连接 fmt.Println("client connect success ", r.RemoteAddr) // 获取地址栏内容 fmt.Println(r.Method, r.RequestURI) // 获取请求头内容 for k, v := range r.Header { fmt.Println(k, v[0]) } data := make(map[string]string) if err := r.ParseForm(); err == nil { if r.Form != nil { dataForm = r.Form } } // 读取客户端的内容 buf := make([]byte, 2048) n, _ := r.Body.Read(buf) // 获取请求体中的内容 fmt.Println("receive data from body", string(buf[:n])) if r.Method == "GET" { // 解析参数 r.ParseForm() for k, v := range r.Form { data[k] = v[0] } } // 处理客户端发送的POST请求和PUT请求 if r.Method == "POST" || r.Method == "PUT" { ct, ok := r.Header["Content-Type"] if ok { // 如果是json数据根据请求头判断 if ct[0] == "application/json" { json.Unmarshal(buf[:n], &data) } // 如果是POST表单数据 if ct[0] == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" { if dataForm != nil { for k, v := range dataForm { data[k] = v[0] } } } } } // 处理客户端的DELETE请求 // 记录当前时间 `2006-01-02 15:04:05` 是指的格式格式 data["time"] = time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05") m := responseToClient{200, "success", data} mjson, e := json.Marshal(m) if e != nil { fmt.Println(e) } // 以json格式响应给客户端 fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v\n", string(mjson)) } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", defaultFunc) if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil { log.Fatal("ListenAndServer: ", err) } }

编写一能发送http请求的客户端包含 post,get,put,delete请求

httpClients.go

package main import ( "bytes" "encoding/json" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "net/http" "net/url" "strconv" "strings" ) const BC = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" // 发送一个简单的http GET请求 func httpSimpleGet() { resp, err := http.Get(BC + "index?aa=AA&bb=BB") if err != nil { log.Println(err) } defer resp.Body.Close() // 获取响应内容 resultByte, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(resultByte)) } // 设置请求头和请求参数的Get请求 func httpGet() { client := &http.Client{} request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", BC, nil) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 在请求头中添加自定义数据 request.Header.Add("company", "PG") request.Header.Add("appkey", "Test_0001") // 添加请求参数 params := request.URL.Query() params.Add("name", "pg") params.Add("addr", "chain") request.URL.RawQuery = params.Encode() // 发送http请求,请求成功,获取响应 resp, err := client.Do(request) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 获取所有的响应内容 result, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 打印响应的内容 fmt.Println(string(result)) } // http POST请求,并发送json数据 func httpPostJson() { // post json 数据应用比较广泛 // 发送json数据,我们一般是用使用map或者结构体存储数据 // 然后转换成json数据 // 然后转换成byte数据,放在发送的body中一起发送 // 我们模拟一下这个过程 var std map[string]string = map[string]string{"work": "programmer", "skills": "golang", "addr": "北京"} data, err := json.Marshal(std) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(data)) req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", BC, body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 设置请求头 req.Header.Add("Accept", "application/json") req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json") resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer resp.Body.Close() if err != nil { log.Println(err) } result, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } fmt.Println(string(result)) } // 模拟post发送表单数据 func HttpPosForm() { formData := url.Values{} formData.Set("userName", "admin") formData.Set("userPwd", "admin123456") req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", BC, strings.NewReader(formData.Encode())) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") req.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(formData.Encode()))) resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } defer resp.Body.Close() result, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) fmt.Println(string(result)) } // 模拟客户端发送PUT请求 func HttpPut() { // 发送PUT请求和POST请求类似都可以发送json和form数据 std := map[string]string{"method": "PUT"} data, err := json.Marshal(std) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(data)) req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", BC, body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } req.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/json") resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) defer resp.Body.Close() if err != nil { log.Println(err) } result, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } fmt.Println(string(result)) } //模拟客户端发送DELETE请求 func HttpDelete() { req, err := http.NewRequest("DELETE", BC, nil) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 添加请求参数 与发送get请求类似 params := req.URL.Query() params.Add("user", "pahnaskdjalsdklasd") req.URL.RawQuery = params.Encode() // 发送http请求,请求成功,获取响应 resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 获取所有的响应内容 result, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } // 打印响应的内容 fmt.Println(string(result)) } func main() { //httpSimpleGet() //httpGet() //httpPostJson() //HttpPosForm() //HttpPut() HttpDelete() }
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