自己搭建VPS系列文章
自己搭建VPS系列文章，介绍了如何利用自己的计算机资源，通过虚拟化技术搭建VPS。
在互联网2.0时代，每个人都有自己的博客，还有很多专属于自己的互联网应用。这些应用大部分都是互联网公司提供的。对于一些有能力的开发人员(geek)来说，他们希望做一些自己的应用，可以用到最新最炫的技术，并且有自己的域名，有自己的服务器。这时就要去租一些互联网上的VPS主机。VPS主机就相当于是一台远程的计算机，可以部署自己的应用程序，然后申请一个域名，就可以正式发布在互联网上了。本站“@晒粉丝” 就使用的Linode主机VPS在美国达拉斯机房。
其实，VPS还可以自己搭建的。只要我们有一台高性能的服务器，一个IP地址，一个路由。可以把一台高性能的服务器，很快的变成5台，10台，20台的虚拟VPS。我们就可以在自己的VPS上面的，发布各种的应用，还可以把剩余的服务器资源租给其他的互联网使用者。 本系列文章将分为以下几个部分介绍：“虚拟化技术选型”，“动态IP解析”，“在Ubuntu上安装KVM并搭建虚拟环境”，“给KVM虚拟机增加硬盘”，“VPS内网的网络架构设计”，“VPS租用云服务”。
关于作者：
张丹(Conan), 程序员Java,R,PHP,Javascriptweibo：@Conan_Zblog: http://blog.fens.meemail: bsspirit@gmail.com转载请注明出处：http://blog.fens.me/vps-kvm-disk/
前言
虚拟机作为灵活配置的服务器主机，给系统运维和管理带来了巨大的便利。CPU，内存，硬盘，网络等的可配置，给了虚拟机非常强大的优势，是物理机不能比拟的。今天讲一下如何给KVM虚拟机增加新硬盘。
目录
host增加物理硬盘并分区通过virsh给guest增加文件硬盘通过virsh给guest增加分区硬盘HOST作为KVM的宿主计算机，管理所有GUEST虚拟机。我们通过给HOST增加物理硬盘，然后分给GUEST，从而实现给虚拟机硬盘扩容的效果。
如何给计算机增加物理硬盘并分区，请参考：多硬盘分区管理fdisk 文章
查看HOST机的硬盘
~ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 299.4 GB, 299439751168 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36404 cylinders, total 584843264 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000efd7c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 97656831 48827392 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 97656832 136718335 19530752 83 Linux /dev/sda3 136718336 214843335 39062500 83 Linux /dev/sda4 * 214843392 215037951 97280 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1999.3 GB, 1999307276288 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243068 cylinders, total 3904897024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf919a976 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1952448511 976223232 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb2 1952448512 3904897023 976224256 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1952450560 2267023360 157286400+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 2267025409 2581596160 157285376 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 2581598209 2896168960 157285376 83 Linux /dev/sdb8 2896171009 3210741760 157285376 83 Linux /dev/sdb9 3210743809 3525314560 157285376 83 Linux /dev/sdb10 3525316609 3904897023 189790207+ 83 Linux ~ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 37G 3.4G 32G 10% / udev 24G 4.0K 24G 1% /dev tmpfs 9.5G 1.1M 9.5G 1% /run none 5.0M 8.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none 24G 152K 24G 1% /run/shm none 100M 28K 100M 1% /run/user cgroup 24G 0 24G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda2 19G 3.6G 14G 21% /home /dev/sda4 92M 34M 54M 39% /boot /dev/sdb1 931G 100G 832G 11% /disk/sdb1 /dev/sdb6 148G 188M 140G 1% /disk/sdb6下面将进行两个测试：通过virsh给guest增加文件硬盘：通过文件硬盘的镜像/disk/sdb6/c1d6.img通过virsh给guest增加分区硬盘：直接使用分区硬盘/dev/sdb5
创建文件硬盘的镜像
~ cd /disk/sdb6/ ~ sudo qemu-img create -f raw /disk/sdb6/c1d6.img 10G Formatting '/disk/sdb6/c1d6.img', fmt=raw size=10737418240 ~ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10737418240 Jul 8 16:37 c1d6.img drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jul 8 09:03 lost+found/通过virsh管理工具加载硬盘
~ sudo virsh Welcome to virsh, the virtualization interactive terminal. Type: 'help' for help with commands 'quit' to quit #查看系统内的虚拟机 virsh # list Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 5 server3 running 6 server4 running 7 d2 running 8 r1 running 9 server2 running 12 c1 running #在这里我们要对c1进行硬盘扩容 virsh # edit c1 #找到硬盘配置(原来的系统硬盘) <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/disk/sdb1/c1.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> #增加文件硬盘,vdb <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/disk/sdb6/c1d6.img'/> <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </disk> #保存退出重启c1虚拟机
#请使用destroy命令，reboot和shutdown不管用。 ~ virsh # destroy c1 Domain c1 destroyed #list找不到c1 ~ virsh # list Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 5 server3 running 6 server4 running 7 d2 running 8 r1 running 9 server2 running #启动虚拟机c1 ~ virsh # start c1 Domain c1 started #进入虚拟机c1 ~ console c1在c1中，进行硬盘查检并分区
~ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 83220 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000516aa Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/vda2 501758 83884031 41691137 5 Extended /dev/vda5 501760 83884031 41691136 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20805 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-root: 38.4 GB, 38394658816 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4667 cylinders, total 74989568 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-swap_1: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table/dev/vdb已经被识别，接下来 分区,格式化,挂载,使用
硬盘分区
~ sudo fdisk /dev/vdb Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/vdb: 161.1 GB, 161061274112 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572801 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3b49c6a0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): Using default value 1 First sector (2048-314572800, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572800, default 314572800): Using default value 314572800 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. #分区生效 ~ sudo partprobe ~ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 2 heads, 17 sectors/track, 616809 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf0432cd6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 83 Linux格式化
~ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 9830400 inodes, 39321344 blocks 1966067 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 1200 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done挂载
~ sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /home/cos/hadoopb ~ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/u1210-root 36G 1.1G 33G 4% / udev 2.0G 4.0K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 791M 232K 791M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /run/shm none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user /dev/vda1 228M 29M 188M 14% /boot /dev/vdb1 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /home/cos/hadoopb使用/home/cos/hadoopb的目录，已经挂载到了/dev/vdb1上面，我可以在hadoopb下载做任何的操作。
直接使用HOST的分区硬盘/dev/sdb5，做个虚拟机c1的分区
virsh # edit c1 #新增新硬盘vbc <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source dev='/dev/sdb5'/> <target dev='vbc' bus='virtio'/> </disk> virsh # destroy c1 Domain c1 destroyed virsh # start c1 Domain c1 started virsh # console c1登陆虚拟c1，查看硬盘信息
sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for cos: Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 83220 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000516aa Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/vda2 501758 83884031 41691137 5 Extended /dev/vda5 501760 83884031 41691136 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 2 heads, 17 sectors/track, 616809 cylinders, total 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf0432cd6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdc: 161.1 GB, 161061274112 bytes 4 heads, 4 sectors/track, 19660800 cylinders, total 314572801 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3b49c6a0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdc1 2048 314572800 157285376+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-root: 38.4 GB, 38394658816 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4667 cylinders, total 74989568 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-swap_1: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders, total 8388608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/u1210-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table已经被正确识别Disk /dev/vdc: 161.1 GB, 161061274112 bytes
接下来，可以参考上面类似的过程，分区，格式化，挂载，使用。
我们直接使用硬件分区，比分区的映射文件会更有效果。
我的方法可能不是最优的，我只是记录我的一些操作和体会，欢迎同学留言给我建议。
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/woxing/p/3981851.html
