>> A hacker is someone who thinks outside the box, is technologically-inclined,and finds unconventional solutions to problems, focusing on what is important.
黑客是那种跳出思维定势，具有技术倾向，能够发现问题的非常规解决方案，专注于重要的事情的人。
The term originally didn't have any malicious connotation, but now it does.
这个词最初没有任何恶意的含义，但现在有了。
Cracker was the original term for a malicious hacker.
Cracker最初是指恶意黑客。
Hackers are identified by the color of their hats.
黑客是通过他们帽子的颜色来识别的。
A black hat hacker is that cracker, or malicious hacker.
黑帽黑客就是那个黑客，或者说恶意黑客。
A white hat hacker does what a black hat hacker does, breaking into companies and systems,with their permission, of course, in hopes of finding and exploiting vulnerabilities.
“白帽黑客”和“黑帽黑客”的做法是一样的，他们在得到公司和系统许可的情况下，入侵公司和系统，当然是希望发现和利用漏洞。
So the company can fix those vulnerabilities before a black hat hacker can get in.
所以公司可以在黑帽黑客入侵之前修复这些漏洞。
A grey hat hacker is somewhere in the middle.
一个灰帽黑客在中间。
One type of grey hat hacker might break into a system and prove it to the administrator,then the grey hat will request payment to fix it, and if denied,will move on without any malicious actions.
一种类型的“灰帽黑客”可能会入侵系统并向管理员证明它的存在，然后“灰帽黑客”就会请求支付修复费用，如果被拒绝，就会继续进行攻击，而不会有任何恶意行为。
White hat, in that regard, but black hat, due to the fact that you can't breakinto a company's infrastructure and see, steal, and store their information.
在这方面，白帽黑客，但是黑帽黑客，因为你无法侵入一家公司的基础设施并查看、窃取和存储他们的信息。
Script kiddies can be even worse!
脚本小子甚至更糟!
They are inexperienced crackers, who use scripts and programs developed by others.
他们是没有经验的黑客，使用别人开发的脚本和程序。
They often don't know what they're clicking or initiating, nor do they have any ideaof the scope, or consequences of their actions.
他们通常不知道自己在点击或发起什么，也不知道自己的行为的范围或后果。
Of course, you might be interested in becoming something else, like a security researcher,finding vulnerabilities anywhere.
当然，您可能有兴趣成为其他人员，比如安全研究人员，在任何地方发现漏洞。
Penetration tester, finding vulnerabilities within a certain company.
渗透测试，发现某公司的漏洞。
Or even a security architect, building systems and processesto establish a cyber security presence.
或者甚至是安全架构师，构建系统和流程来建立网络安全存在。
There are times of speciality and subspecialty positions within the field of cybersecurity.
在网络安全领域，有很多专业和次专业的职位。
Due to the rapid development of tools, the attack sophisticationand the intruder technical knowledge are sharply going in opposite directions.
由于工具的快速发展，攻击的复杂性和入侵者的技术知识正在急剧地向相反的方向发展。
Hackers are able to do a lot more today, without the steep learning curve.
如今，黑客可以在没有陡峭学习曲线的情况下做更多事情。
The FBI define the motivation of individuals who commit espionage against the country,with the acronym, MICE, money, ideology, compromise or coercion, ego or extortion.
美国联邦调查局(FBI)用“老鼠”、“金钱”、“意识形态”、“妥协”或“胁迫”、“自我”或“勒索”来定义从事反国家间谍活动的个人动机。
Researcher, Max Kilger, proposed that the motivationsfor the hacker community can be thought of as MEECES, money, ego,entertainment, cause, entrance, and status.
研究者Max Kilger提出，黑客社区的动机可以被看作是侄女、金钱、自我、娱乐、事业、入口和地位。
Attackers could be outsiders, competition, hacktivists, organized crime,terrorists, governments, even hired guns!
攻击者可能是外人、竞争对手、黑客活动分子、有组织犯罪、恐怖分子、政府，甚至雇佣枪支!
They could be insiders, disgruntled employees, customers, suppliers, vendors,business partners, contractors, temps, as well as consultants.
他们可能是内部人士、心怀不满的员工、客户、供应商、供应商、商业伙伴、承包商、临时工以及顾问。
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sec875/articles/10260823.html
相关资源：Cloud.Computing.Security.Foundations.and.Challenges