--建表table1,table2:
create table table1(id int ,name varchar ( 10 )) create table table2(id int ,score int ) insert into table1 select 1 , ' lee ' insert into table1 select 2 , ' zhang ' insert into table1 select 4 , ' wang ' insert into table2 select 1 , 90 insert into table2 select 2 , 100 insert into table2 select 3 , 70如表------------------------------------------------- table1 | table2 |-------------------------------------------------id name |id score |1 lee |1 90 |2 zhang |2 100 |4 wang |3 70 |-------------------------------------------------
以下均在查询分析器中执行
一、外连接
1.概念:包括左向外联接、右向外联接或完整外部联接
2.左连接:left join 或 left outer join
(1)左向外联接的结果集包括 LEFT OUTER 子句中指定的左表的所有行,而不仅仅是联接列所匹配的行。如果左表的某行在右表中没有匹配行,则在相关联的结果集行中右表的所有选择列表列均为空值(null)。
(2)sql语句
select * from table1 left join table2 on table1.id = table2.id
-------------结果-------------
id name id score
------------------------------
1 lee 1 90
2 zhang 2 100
4 wang NULL NULL
------------------------------
注释:包含table1的所有子句,根据指定条件返回table2相应的字段,不符合的以null显示
3.右连接:right join 或 right outer join
(1)右向外联接是左向外联接的反向联接。将返回右表的所有行。如果右表的某行在左表中没有匹配行,则将为左表返回空值。
(2)sql语句
select * from table1 right join table2 on table1.id = table2.id-------------结果-------------
id name id score
------------------------------
1 lee 1 90
2 zhang 2 100
NULL NULL 3 70
------------------------------
注释:包含table2的所有子句,根据指定条件返回table1相应的字段,不符合的以null显示
4.完整外部联接:full join 或 full outer join
(1)完整外部联接返回左表和右表中的所有行。当某行在另一个表中没有匹配行时,则另一个表的选择列表列包含空值。如果表之间有匹配行,则整个结果集行包含基表的数据值。
(2)sql语句
select * from table1 full join table2 on table1.id = table2.id-------------结果-------------
id name id score
------------------------------
1 lee 1 90
2 zhang 2 100
4 wang NULL NULL
NULL NULL 3 70
------------------------------
注释:返回左右连接的union(见上左、右连接)
二、内连接
1.概念:内联接是用比较运算符比较要联接列的值的联接
2.内连接:join 或 inner join
3.sql语句
select * from table1 join table2 on table1.id = table2.id-------------结果-------------
id name id score
------------------------------
1 lee 1 90
2 zhang 2 100
------------------------------
注释:只返回符合条件的table1和table2的列
4.等价(与下列执行效果相同)
A:select a.*,b.* from table<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />1 a,table2 b where a.id=b.id
B:select * from table1 cross join table2 where table1.id=table2.id (注:cross join后加条件只能用where,不能用on)
三、交叉连接(完全)1.概念:没有 WHERE 子句的交叉联接将产生联接所涉及的表的笛卡尔积。第一个表的行数乘以第二个表的行数等于笛卡尔积结果集的大小。(table1和table2交叉连接产生3*3=9条记录)2.交叉连接:cross join (不带条件where...)3.sql语句
select * from table1 cross join table2-------------结果-------------
id name id score
------------------------------
1 lee 1 90
2 zhang 1 90
4 wang 1 90
1 lee 2 100
2 zhang 2 100
4 wang 2 100
1 lee 3 70
2 zhang 3 70
4 wang 3 70
------------------------------
注释:返回3*3=9条记录,即笛卡尔积
4.等价(与下列执行效果相同)
A: select * from table1,table2四.内外链接的混合使用
DECLARE @a table (i int ) DECLARE @b table (i int ) DECLARE @c table (i int ) DECLARE @d table (i int ) INSERT INTO @a SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 6 INSERT INTO @b SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 3 UNION SELECT 6 INSERT INTO @c SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 4 UNION SELECT 7 INSERT INTO @d SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 5 UNION SELECT 7 SELECT * FROM @a AS a INNER JOIN @b AS b ON a.i = b.i SELECT * FROM @c AS c INNER JOIN @d AS d ON c.i = d.i SELECT a.i AS a,b.i AS b,c.i AS c,d.i AS d FROM ( @a AS a INNER JOIN @b AS b ON a.i = b.i) LEFT JOIN ( @c AS c INNER JOIN @d AS d ON c.i = d.i) ON a.i = c.i转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Elong/archive/2005/08/31/226856.html
