Part 3: Views and templates====> Write your first view$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.http import HttpResponsedef index(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")$ edit polls\urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),]$ edit mysite\urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import include, urlfrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),]====> Writing more views$ edit polls\views.py# ...def detail(request, question_id): return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)def results(request, question_id): response = "You're looking at the results of question %s." return HttpResponse(response % question_id)def vote(request, question_id): return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)$ edit polls\urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ # ex: /polls/ url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'), # ex: /polls/5/ url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'), # ex: /polls/5/results/ url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'), # ex: /polls/5/vote/ url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),]====> Write views that actually do something$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom .models import Questiondef index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] output = ', '.join([p.question_text for p in latest_question_list]) return HttpResponse(output)# Leave the rest of the views (detail, results, vote) unchanged$ edit polls\templates\polls\index.html{% if latest_question_list %} <ul> {% for question in latest_question_list %} <li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul>{% else %} <p>No polls are available.</p>{% endif %}$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.template import RequestContext, loaderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html') context = RequestContext(request, { 'latest_question_list': latest_question_list, }) return HttpResponse(template.render(context))====> A shortcut: render()$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Questiondef index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list} return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)====> Raising a 404 error$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.http import Http404from django.shortcuts import renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id): try: question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id) except Question.DoesNotExist: raise Http404("Question does not exist") return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})$ edit polls\templates\polls\detail.html{{ question }}====> A shortcut: get_object_or_404()$ edit polls\views.pyfrom django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, renderfrom .models import Question# ...def detail(request, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})====> Use the template system$ edit polls\templates\polls\detail.html<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1><ul>{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} <li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>====> Removing hardcoded URLs in templates$ edit polls\templates\polls\detail.htmlfrom: <li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>to: <li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>====> Namespacing URL names$ edit mysite\urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import include, urlfrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace="polls")), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),]$ edit polls\templates\polls\index.htmlfrom: <li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>to: <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/4461912.html
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